Changes in affect

Periodical
International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology
Volume
54
Year
2023
Issue number
8
Page range
1598-1613
Access date
05.03.2024
Relates to study/studies
TIMSS 2015
TIMSS 2019

Changes in affect

Patterns in Grade 4 and Grade 8 students’ expressed emotional directions

Abstract

This paper targets patterns of expressed emotional directions towards mathematics. By using TIMSS data and recoding two of the instruments, we compared responses from the same student cohort in Grade 4 (11 years old) and Grade 8 (15 years old) in Sweden. Two hypotheses were tested: negative emotions including negative motivations increase with age, and there will be gender differences. By using statistical analyses, including Cramer’s V, the two hypotheses were confirmed. The results also illuminated patterns within the responses, such that boys and girls in Grade 4 differ in expressed intrinsic motivation but not extrinsic motivation. There are also indications that girls might be more likely to form negative emotional directions between grades 4 and 8 than boys, and some implications of this is discussed.